Under most thinking, that statement holds up.
Either the pen is in my hand, or it is not.
Without altering the original form (Either X is or X is not), how can that statement be proven incorrect, or given substantial doubt?Either X is or X is not. How do I make that statement false?
It cannot be made false because the only two choices that existence offers is ';being'; or ';not-being';. The opposite of dog is not cat; it is not-dog.
To provide ';substantial doubt'; is to accept (or provide) one fallacy or another. ';Either X is or X is not'; contains no fallacy, is valid, and is sound.Either X is or X is not. How do I make that statement false?
When x is and x is not is termed a paradox.
Examples:
';This statement is false.'; If it is known to be true then it's false and vice versa.
Someone tries to fail and does. Has he suceeded or failed?
Considering the pen. Assuming this is a normal pen and you have normal hands. When you're holding it, some of the pen is in your hand and some of it isn't. It is in your hand and not in your hand at the same time.
Quantum mechanics, it allows electrons to be both everywhere and no where at the same time.
X does not exist.
I don't know if this is the type of thing you were looking for, but hope it helps, or maybe sets you on the right track!
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